機(ji)油理(li)化(hua)指標(biao)、模(mo)擬試(shi)(shi)驗、臺架試(shi)(shi)驗和(he)行(xing)車(che)試(shi)(shi)驗四部分(fen)構成機(ji)油質量標(biao)準基本體系(xi)。其(qi)中機(ji)油理(li)化(hua)指標(biao)、模(mo)擬試(shi)(shi)驗和(he)臺架試(shi)(shi)驗作為全面評定機(ji)油品(pin)質三(san)大試(shi)(shi)驗，已經得到了世界(jie)各國(guo)的認可，本文為你淺析該三(san)大試(shi)(shi)驗：

1、理(li)化(hua)(hua)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)是基礎，作為衡(heng)量機油基本(ben)(ben)性能(neng)的理(li)化(hua)(hua)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)包含：運(yun)動粘度、低溫動力粘度、粘度指(zhi)(zhi)數、閃點(dian)、傾點(dian)、沉積物、水分、泡沫性、殘碳、中(zhong)和(he)值、硫(liu)酸鹽灰分和(he)各種元素含量等等。這些理(li)化(hua)(hua)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)只(zhi)是衡(heng)量機油的最(zui)基本(ben)(ben)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)，如果(guo)連理(li)化(hua)(hua)指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)都不(bu)合格，則(ze)后(hou)面的模擬試驗和(he)臺(tai)架試驗更(geng)無從談起。 

2、模擬(ni)(ni)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)首選評(ping)(ping)定(ding)方(fang)法(fa)，首先是(shi)(shi)模擬(ni)(ni)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，在(zai)(zai)油(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研制(zhi)和開發(fa)過程中，技術人(ren)員(yuan)發(fa)現油(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)理化(hua)指標(biao)不能說明問題(ti)也不能反映(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)出機(ji)(ji)械(xie)摩擦副運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中是(shi)(shi)否(fou)好用(yong)(yong)(yong)，該主要(yao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)以(yi)下(xia)幾(ji)部分組(zu)成(cheng)：反映(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)車(che)(che)(che)(che)用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)清(qing)凈分散(san)(san)和抗氧(yang)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)焦(jiao)板(ban)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法(fa)和熱管試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法(fa)；反映(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)車(che)(che)(che)(che)用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)耐高(gao)溫(wen)下(xia)氧(yang)化(hua)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)多金屬(shu)氧(yang)化(hua)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法(fa)和薄膜氧(yang)化(hua)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法(fa)；反映(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)車(che)(che)(che)(che)用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)分散(san)(san)油(you)(you)泥(ni)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)斑點試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法(fa)；反映(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)車(che)(che)(che)(che)用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)抗磨(mo)損(sun)水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)四球機(ji)(ji)磨(mo)損(sun)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法(fa)。這(zhe)些模擬(ni)(ni)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)只能簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)反映(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)，無法(fa)模擬(ni)(ni)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)復雜(za)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)和工作(zuo)(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia)特別是(shi)(shi)燃燒物(wu)對于(yu)油(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。另(ling)外，模擬(ni)(ni)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法(fa)一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)較強化(hua)或歸納化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)。但是(shi)(shi)，強化(hua)會有(you)失真(zhen)實，因為(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全過程操作(zuo)(zuo)中，各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)綜合(he)因素(su)結合(he)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起，影響(xiang)著(zhu)油(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗氧(yang)、清(qing)凈、分散(san)(san)和抗磨(mo)損(sun)能力，不可(ke)(ke)能在(zai)(zai)單項(xiang)性(xing)(xing)能測(ce)評(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)模擬(ni)(ni)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法(fa)中如實測(ce)評(ping)(ping)出來，因此各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)模擬(ni)(ni)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)法(fa)及其(qi)評(ping)(ping)判(pan)(pan)指標(biao)基(ji)本上(shang)(shang)未(wei)反映(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規格標(biao)準中。臺(tai)(tai)架(jia)(jia)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)反映(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)問題(ti)更真(zhen)實為(wei)(wei)了真(zhen)實反映(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)油(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)，同時也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)得到發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)造部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)認可(ke)(ke)，又(you)開發(fa)出了評(ping)(ping)價機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)(tai)架(jia)(jia)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。臺(tai)(tai)架(jia)(jia)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)把有(you)代表性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)安裝在(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室中，在(zai)(zai)認可(ke)(ke)或認定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia)進行一(yi)定(ding)時間下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)(ping)定(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，并根據(ju)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)廠(chang)商試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)前大(da)家協商定(ding)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)性(xing)(xing)能指標(biao)，等(deng)臺(tai)(tai)架(jia)(jia)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)完成(cheng)后(hou)(hou)加以(yi)判(pan)(pan)定(ding)；觀察可(ke)(ke)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)符合(he)要(yao)求；假如其(qi)油(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)判(pan)(pan)斷指標(biao)均(jun)在(zai)(zai)限值范圍以(yi)內(nei)，便(bian)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)認為(wei)(wei)該油(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)初(chu)步取(qu)得認可(ke)(ke)，取(qu)得該類型級(ji)別油(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)格證。原則上(shang)(shang)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)供應市場。經過以(yi)上(shang)(shang)三大(da)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)，機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質完全能夠(gou)得到保證，才符合(he)各(ge)(ge)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)廠(chang)家對于(yu)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)需(xu)求。

3、臺架試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)把有代(dai)表性的(de)(de)發(fa)動機安裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室中，在(zai)(zai)認(ren)可或認(ren)定(ding)的(de)(de)控制條件下進行一定(ding)時間下的(de)(de)評定(ding)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，并根(gen)據發(fa)動機廠(chang)商試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)前大(da)家(jia)協商定(ding)下的(de)(de)各項(xiang)性能(neng)指標，等(deng)臺架試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)完成后加以(yi)判(pan)定(ding)；觀(guan)察可試油(you)(you)品是(shi)否符合(he)要求；假(jia)如其油(you)(you)品的(de)(de)各項(xiang)判(pan)斷指標均在(zai)(zai)限(xian)值范圍以(yi)內，便可以(yi)認(ren)為該(gai)油(you)(you)品初步取得(de)認(ren)可，取得(de)該(gai)類型(xing)級別油(you)(you)品的(de)(de)合(he)格證。原(yuan)則上可以(yi)供(gong)應市場。經過以(yi)上三大(da)試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)后，機油(you)(you)的(de)(de)品質完全能(neng)夠得(de)到保證，才符合(he)各發(fa)動機廠(chang)家(jia)對于發(fa)動機用油(you)(you)需(xu)求。