機油(you)(you)理化(hua)指(zhi)標、模(mo)擬(ni)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、臺架試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)行(xing)車試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)四部分構成(cheng)機油(you)(you)質量標準基(ji)本體系(xi)。其中機油(you)(you)理化(hua)指(zhi)標、模(mo)擬(ni)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)臺架試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)作為全面評定機油(you)(you)品(pin)質三(san)大(da)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，已經得到了(le)世界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)的認可，本文為你(ni)淺析(xi)該(gai)三(san)大(da)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)：

1、理化指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)是(shi)基(ji)礎，作為衡量機(ji)油(you)基(ji)本性能的(de)理化指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)包含(han)：運(yun)動(dong)粘(zhan)度、低溫動(dong)力粘(zhan)度、粘(zhan)度指(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)、閃點、傾(qing)點、沉積物、水分(fen)、泡沫性、殘碳、中(zhong)和(he)值(zhi)、硫酸鹽灰分(fen)和(he)各種(zhong)元素含(han)量等等。這些(xie)理化指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)只(zhi)是(shi)衡量機(ji)油(you)的(de)基(ji)本指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)，如果連理化指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)都不合(he)格，則后面的(de)模擬(ni)試驗和(he)臺架試驗更無從(cong)談起(qi)。 

2、模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)首選評(ping)定(ding)(ding)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，首先是(shi)(shi)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)研制(zhi)和(he)(he)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)過程中，技術人員發(fa)(fa)(fa)現油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)理化(hua)指標不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)說明問(wen)題(ti)(ti)也(ye)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)出機(ji)(ji)械(xie)摩擦副運用(yong)中是(shi)(shi)否好(hao)用(yong)，該主要試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)有以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)幾部分(fen)組成：反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)車用(yong)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)清凈(jing)分(fen)散和(he)(he)抗氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)成焦板試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)熱(re)管試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)；反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)車用(yong)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)耐高溫下(xia)(xia)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)多金屬氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)薄膜氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)；反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)車用(yong)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)分(fen)散油(you)(you)(you)泥能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)斑點試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)；反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)車用(yong)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)抗磨(mo)損水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)高溫四球(qiu)機(ji)(ji)磨(mo)損試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。這些(xie)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)只能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)簡單的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作情況(kuang)，無法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)復雜情況(kuang)和(he)(he)工(gong)作條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)特別是(shi)(shi)燃燒物對于油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。另外，模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)一(yi)般采用(yong)比較強(qiang)化(hua)或歸納化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)條(tiao)件。但是(shi)(shi)，強(qiang)化(hua)會有失真實(shi)，因(yin)為在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)全過程操作中，各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)綜(zong)合因(yin)素結合在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)起，影(ying)響著油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)抗氧(yang)(yang)、清凈(jing)、分(fen)散和(he)(he)抗磨(mo)損能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)，不可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)單項(xiang)(xiang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)測評(ping)的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)中如(ru)實(shi)測評(ping)出來(lai)，因(yin)此各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)及其(qi)評(ping)判指標基本(ben)上未(wei)反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)規格標準中。臺(tai)架(jia)(jia)(jia)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)更真實(shi)為了真實(shi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)映(ying)油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)情況(kuang)，同時(shi)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)到發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)造部門的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)可(ke)(ke)，又開發(fa)(fa)(fa)出了評(ping)價機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)架(jia)(jia)(jia)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。臺(tai)架(jia)(jia)(jia)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)把有代表性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)安裝在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)室中，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)認(ren)可(ke)(ke)或認(ren)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)進行(xing)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)時(shi)間下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)評(ping)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，并根(gen)據發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)廠(chang)商(shang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)前(qian)大(da)家(jia)協商(shang)定(ding)(ding)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)指標，等臺(tai)架(jia)(jia)(jia)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)完(wan)成后加以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)判定(ding)(ding)；觀(guan)察可(ke)(ke)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)是(shi)(shi)否符(fu)合要求(qiu)；假如(ru)其(qi)油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)判斷指標均在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)限值范圍以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)內(nei)，便可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)認(ren)為該油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)初步取得(de)認(ren)可(ke)(ke)，取得(de)該類型級別油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)合格證。原則上可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)供應市場。經過以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上三大(da)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)后，機(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)完(wan)全能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠得(de)到保證，才符(fu)合各(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)廠(chang)家(jia)對于發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)用(yong)油(you)(you)(you)需求(qiu)。

3、臺(tai)架(jia)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)是把有代表性的(de)發動(dong)機安(an)裝在試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)室中，在認(ren)可(ke)或認(ren)定(ding)(ding)的(de)控制條件下(xia)進行一定(ding)(ding)時間(jian)下(xia)的(de)評定(ding)(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，并根據發動(dong)機廠商(shang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)前大(da)家(jia)協商(shang)定(ding)(ding)下(xia)的(de)各(ge)(ge)項性能指標(biao)，等臺(tai)架(jia)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)完成后加以(yi)判定(ding)(ding)；觀察可(ke)試(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)品是否(fou)符合(he)要求(qiu)；假(jia)如其油(you)品的(de)各(ge)(ge)項判斷指標(biao)均在限值范圍以(yi)內，便可(ke)以(yi)認(ren)為該油(you)品初步(bu)取(qu)得認(ren)可(ke)，取(qu)得該類型級(ji)別油(you)品的(de)合(he)格證。原則(ze)上可(ke)以(yi)供應市場(chang)。經過以(yi)上三大(da)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)后，機油(you)的(de)品質完全能夠得到保(bao)證，才符合(he)各(ge)(ge)發動(dong)機廠家(jia)對于發動(dong)機用油(you)需求(qiu)。